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Updated: Jan 11, 2026

External Excitation of Neurons Using Electric and Magnetic Fields in One- and Two-dimensional Cultures
Published on: May 7, 2017
Three-dimensional arbitrary electromagnetic fields and temporal propagation
Abstract:
We show that arbitrary 3D electromagnetic fields are transient solutions to Maxwell's equations and provide a simple equation to find how the field evolves over time. Multiple 3D fields can be realized at different times by superposing with an initial phase. Phase optimization algorithms allow for a phase-only modulated input signal. The necessary input wavepacket before a focusing lens to create the 3D field can be found by finding the time-variation and finding the wavepacket needed to input into a focusing lens.
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