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Optical pupil localization method and experimental validation of active segmented mirror based on local wavefront

Junze Xiao, Deyi Dong, Donglin Xue

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    |November 11, 2025
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    This study introduces a novel method for precisely locating primary mirror (PM) segments in space telescopes. The technique uses active optics to correct optical pupil localization errors (OPLE) for improved imaging accuracy.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optical Engineering
    • Space Systems Engineering
    • Adaptive Optics

    Background:

    • Ultra-large aperture space optical systems require segmented primary mirrors (PMs).
    • Lightweight PM segments present challenges in maintaining surface figure precision.
    • Active deformable PM segments are crucial for surface control and error correction.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a method for accurate determination of optical pupil localization error (OPLE) in active segmented mirror systems.
    • To enable precise surface figure correction of PM segments by addressing positional errors after in-orbit deployment.

    Main Methods:

    • Proposed an active segmented mirror optical pupil localization method based on local wavefront sensitivity analysis.
    • Utilized the deformation capability of active optics to establish sensitivity equations.
    • Employed wavefront variations before and after surface shape adjustments for inverse solution of OPLE.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved micrometer-level positioning accuracy for PM segments' positional errors.
    • Successfully determined OPLE solely using focal plane information.
    • Avoided the need for additional positioning mechanisms.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed method effectively addresses OPLE in active segmented mirror systems.
    • Accurate OPLE determination is fundamental for precise surface figure correction.
    • The technique offers a mechanism-free solution for enhancing space telescope imaging performance.