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High-efficiency deep-UV output from a diode-pumped alexandrite laser.

Huaifeng Xiao, Abdul-Haseeb Munj, Ara Minassian

    Optics Express
    |November 11, 2025
    PubMed
    Summary

    Researchers generated deep ultraviolet (DUV) light using third harmonic generation (THG) from a diode-pumped alexandrite laser. This novel method efficiently produces DUV wavelengths for potential applications.

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    Area of Science:

    • Laser Physics
    • Nonlinear Optics
    • Quantum Electronics

    Background:

    • Diode-pumped solid-state lasers offer efficient and compact light sources.
    • Generating deep ultraviolet (DUV) light is crucial for various scientific and industrial applications.
    • Alexandrite lasers possess a broad spectral bandwidth in the near-visible range, enabling tunable output.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To demonstrate the first-time generation of DUV light via third harmonic generation (THG) from a diode-pumped alexandrite laser.
    • To investigate and optimize the sequential second harmonic generation (SHG) and sum-frequency mixing processes for DUV production.
    • To explore the potential of alexandrite lasers for efficient tunable UV and DUV source generation.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a diode-pumped cavity-dumped Q-switched alexandrite laser operating at 768 nm with a 5 kHz pulse rate.

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  • Employed sequential second harmonic generation (SHG) to convert the fundamental wavelength to 384 nm.
  • Implemented sum-frequency mixing to achieve third harmonic generation (THG) at the DUV wavelength of 256 nm.
  • Systematically studied SHG stage using Type-1 LBO and BBO crystals, varying lengths, focal spot sizes, and employing walk-off compensated crystal-pairs.

    • Main Results:

    • Achieved 384 nm UV generation with 50 µJ pulse energy and 32% conversion efficiency using a walk-off compensated LBO crystal pair.
    • Generated DUV light at 256 nm with 30 µJ pulse energy and 19% conversion efficiency (with respect to the fundamental) via THG.
    • Demonstrated improved spatial quality of the generated UV light through walk-off compensation techniques.

    Conclusions:

    • Successfully demonstrated efficient DUV generation through THG of a diode-pumped alexandrite laser.
    • The broad spectral bandwidth of alexandrite lasers is highly promising for developing tunable UV and DUV sources.
    • The employed nonlinear optical processes and crystal optimization show excellent potential for future DUV light source development.