Spatial mapping of cold atom clouds using velocity-selective Raman pulses in differential atom interferometers

A method for detecting the internal characteristic (including density, velocity and temperature) distribution of cold atom clouds is reported in this paper. During the detection process, the spatial resolution of the cold atom cloud is achieved at sub-mm by precisely adjusting the spatial position of the Raman laser beam. Meanwhile, to minimize the impact of frequency and intensity fluctuations in the Raman laser on measurement results, we propose to utilize a differential atomic interferometer to suppress common-mode noise, thereby enhancing measurement accuracy. This method enables precise detection of the internal structure of cold atom clouds, providing a reference for in-depth studies of atom cloud properties.