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Updated: Jan 11, 2026

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High-sensitivity mode interferometer enabled precisely tunable and switchable thulium-doped fiber laser.

Ying Guo, Kun Yang, Ting Feng

    Optics Express
    |November 11, 2025
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study presents a stable, tunable fiber laser using a novel curvature sensor. The laser offers precise control over multiple wavelengths, ideal for advanced optical applications.

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    Area of Science:

    • Photonics and Optical Engineering
    • Fiber Laser Technology
    • Sensing and Measurement

    Background:

    • Multi-wavelength fiber lasers are crucial for various applications.
    • Existing tuning mechanisms often lack precision and stability.
    • Thulium-doped fiber lasers (TDFLs) offer unique spectral properties in the 2-μm band.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a highly stable, precisely controlled, tunable, and switchable multi-wavelength thulium-doped fiber laser (TDFL).
    • To utilize a novel high-curvature-sensitivity interferometer as a bending-actuated tuning element for the 2-μm band.
    • To demonstrate versatile multi-wavelength operation and high tuning accuracy.

    Main Methods:

    • Fabrication of a fiber optic curvature sensor using single-mode fiber (SMF) and no-core fiber (NCF) in an SMF-NCF-SMF-NCF-SMF (SNSNS) structure.
    • Experimental analysis of the sensor's self-imaging properties and curvature sensitivity using the beam propagation method.
    • Integration of the SNSNS sensor into a TDFL cavity for bending-actuated wavelength tuning and multi-wavelength switching.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved a curvature sensitivity of 13.43 nm/m-1 with the SNSNS sensor.
    • Demonstrated precise and continuous tuning of seventeen distinct lasing channels with a 0.33 nm interval by bending the sensor.
    • Observed high stability with wavelength shifts < 0.02 nm and power fluctuations < 0.36 dB over 50 minutes without environmental control.
    • Successfully switched between single, dual, and triple-wavelength lasing states by adjusting pump power and polarization.
    • Confirmed excellent tuning accuracy with a standard deviation below 0.12 nm for output and transmission wavelengths.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed TDFL system offers robust, flexible, and high-precision multi-wavelength operation.
    • The novel bending-actuated SNSNS interferometer serves as an effective tuning element for 2-μm band fiber lasers.
    • This research provides a promising platform for advanced optical sensing and communication systems.