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Liquid metal strain sensors based on flexible frequency-selective surfaces
Optics Express
|November 11, 2025
Summary
This study introduces a flexible strain sensor using a liquid metal-filled frequency selective surface (FSS). The sensor achieves high sensitivity and stability by measuring resonant frequency shifts caused by applied strain.
Area of Science:
- Electrical Engineering
- Materials Science
- Sensor Technology
Background:
- Strain sensors are crucial for monitoring structural integrity and performance.
- Existing sensors often lack the required flexibility or sensitivity for certain applications.
- Frequency Selective Surfaces (FSS) offer tunable electromagnetic properties.
Purpose of the Study:
- To propose and demonstrate a novel flexible strain sensor.
- To investigate the strain-sensing capabilities of a liquid metal-filled FSS.
- To evaluate the sensor's sensitivity, stability, and repeatability.
Main Methods:
- Design and fabrication of a liquid metal-filled FSS strain sensor.
- Utilizing full-wave electromagnetic simulations.
- Conducting experimental measurements under varying strain conditions.
Main Results:
- The sensor demonstrated a high strain sensitivity of up to 582 MHz/mm.
- Excellent stability and repeatability were observed over multiple loading cycles.
- The resonant frequency shift correlated directly with applied strain.
Conclusions:
- The liquid metal-FSS design is a feasible approach for high-performance strain sensing.
- The sensor exhibits robust mechanical compliance and reliable performance.
- This technology holds promise for advanced structural health monitoring and wearable electronics.
