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Traumatic Brain Injury l: Introduction

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DefinitionTraumatic brain injury, or TBI, is a disturbance of normal brain function induced by an external mechanical force, such as a direct blow to the head or a penetrating injury. It can affect both brain structure and function, producing a wide range of clinical outcomes. TBI is a heterogeneous condition, meaning its effects may differ based on the type, location, and severity of the injury.Basis of ClassificationTBI is classified based on severity, injury mechanism, or pathophysiology. In...

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Kerala Brain Injury Questionnaire: Feasibility, Reliability, and Validation Study.

Anne F Ambrose¹, Dristi Adhikari², V G Pradeep Kumar³

¹Department of Neurology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA.

Neurology India

|November 11, 2025

Summary

The Kerala Brain Injury Questionnaire (KBIQ) effectively screens for chronic post-mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) symptoms in older Indian adults. This reliable tool aids in early detection of potential health issues in community settings.

Keywords:

Concussion epidemiology screening traumatic brain injury

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Area of Science:

Neurology
Geriatrics
Public Health

Background:

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) can lead to lasting neurological issues and cognitive decline in later life.
Identifying post-mTBI symptoms in elderly populations, particularly in low-income countries like India, is often insufficient.
India has a high incidence of traumatic brain injury (TBI), necessitating a dedicated screening tool.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop the Kerala Brain Injury Questionnaire (KBIQ) for assessing post-mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) or postconcussive symptoms.

Main Methods:

The study evaluated the Kerala Brain Injury Questionnaire's (KBIQ) feasibility, reliability, and validity within the Kerala Einstein Study (KES) in India.
The KBIQ assessed clinical symptoms potentially linked to mTBI over the preceding month.
Principal component analysis was employed to define the KBIQ's structure.

Main Results:

The KBIQ was completed by 682 participants (mean age 68.5 years) without dementia; 14.9% reported a history of mTBI.
The questionnaire exhibited high acceptability and response rates, with no administration issues reported.
The KBIQ demonstrated strong internal consistency and good validity when compared against mTBI history, revealing a six-component structure.

Conclusions:

The Kerala Brain Injury Questionnaire (KBIQ) is a dependable and valid method for assessing chronic postconcussive symptoms in elderly Indian individuals.
Its usability by nonclinicians makes the KBIQ suitable for broad community-based case detection.
The KBIQ can serve as a prescreening tool, assisting clinicians in identifying potentially undiagnosed health conditions.