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Risk factors for elder abuse severity: findings from the Canadian longitudinal study on aging.

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Perpetrator cohabitation and prior child maltreatment are key risk factors for severe elder abuse (EA). Understanding these factors helps identify high-risk victims and inform targeted interventions for elder abuse severity.

Keywords:
CLSAEcologicalLife course perspectiveMistreatment

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology and Public Health
  • Elder Abuse Research
  • Longitudinal Study Design

Background:

  • Elder abuse (EA) conceptualizations are shifting towards a severity lens to better understand victim experiences and intervention complexities.
  • Existing research on EA severity risk factors is limited by convenience samples and cross-sectional designs.
  • This study is informed by the Contextual Theory of Elder Abuse.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To advance the understanding of elder abuse severity risk factors using a longitudinal, population-based design.
  • To examine risk factors across multiple ecological levels influencing EA severity.
  • To identify specific mistreatment behaviors contributing to EA severity.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) with 2,364 elder abuse victims.
  • Assessment of EA victimization using validated tools and behaviorally defined mistreatment items.
  • Calculation of EA severity based on behavioral multiplicity and frequency; multinomial logistic regression used to identify risk factors.

Main Results:

  • Perpetrator cohabitation and prior child maltreatment were the most consistent risk factors for heightened EA severity across subtypes.
  • Additional risk factors were identified in physical, psycho-emotional, social, and sociocultural domains.
  • Risk profiles for EA severity varied significantly across different mistreatment subtypes.

Conclusions:

  • This study provides the most methodologically rigorous examination of EA severity risk to date.
  • Findings enhance the identification of elder abuse victims in particularly harmful situations.
  • Results inform the development of mechanistically driven interventions and practice decisions for case prioritization and risk assessment.