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Ontogeny of human T cells.

D P Stites, C S Pavia

    Pediatrics
    |November 1, 1979
    PubMed
    Summary

    Human T cell development begins early in gestation, with key immune functions and markers appearing before birth. This indicates significant fetal immune system maturation.

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    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Developmental Biology
    • Human Physiology

    Background:

    • Understanding human T cell ontogeny is crucial for comprehending immune system development.
    • Previous studies have explored T cell appearance, marker maturation, and functional development.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review current knowledge on human T cell ontogeny.
    • To detail the timeline of T cell appearance, marker expression, and immune function development during gestation.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of existing literature on human T cell development.
    • Extrapolation of growth curves from fetal cell counts (thymus, spleen, bone marrow).
    • Analysis of T cell marker expression (e.g., E-rosette, beta-2-Microglobulin) and functional assays (PHA response, mixed lymphocyte reaction, lymphocytotoxicity).

    Main Results:

    • Lymphocytes appear at 3.5 weeks gestation; E-rosette-forming cells by 11 weeks in thymus and 15-16 weeks peripherally.
    • Beta-2-Microglobulin is present on lymphoid cells by 13 weeks gestation.
    • Immune functions like PHA response (10 weeks thymus) and allogeneic response (7.5 weeks fetal liver) develop progressively.

    Conclusions:

    • Human T cells exhibit a significant degree of maturation during fetal development.
    • The ontogeny of T cells involves sequential acquisition of markers and immune functions.
    • Neonatal suppressor T cell development shows parallels with findings in murine models.

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