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HeraNorm: an R shiny application for identifying optimal endogenous controls for miRNA and RNA assays in qPCR and
Yao Hu1, Xiaochun Xu1, Yirong Shen1
1HerAnova Lifesciences, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
Bioinformatics Advances
|November 11, 2025
Summary
Finding stable endogenous controls is crucial for accurate gene expression analysis in quantitative PCR (qPCR) and droplet digital PCR (ddPCR). This study introduces HeraNorm, an R Shiny application to identify reliable reference genes for improved miRNA and RNA quantification.
Area of Science:
- Molecular Biology
- Bioinformatics
- Genomics
Background:
- Accurate gene expression analysis using quantitative PCR (qPCR) and droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) relies on normalization with stable endogenous controls.
- Commonly used controls like miR-16 and GAPDH exhibit expression variability in certain disease states, compromising data reliability.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop an interactive R Shiny application, HeraNorm, for identifying the most stable endogenous controls.
- To enhance the reliability of miRNA and RNA quantification in qPCR and ddPCR experiments.
Main Methods:
- Development of an R Shiny application named HeraNorm.
- Implementation in R and availability via GitHub.
Main Results:
- HeraNorm enables researchers to select optimal reference genes tailored to specific datasets or disease conditions.
- The tool facilitates more accurate and reproducible gene expression analysis.
Conclusions:
- HeraNorm provides a valuable resource for selecting stable endogenous controls in molecular diagnostics.
- The application improves the accuracy of miRNA and RNA quantification in qPCR and ddPCR assays.

