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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 11, 2026

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A global deep terrestrial biosphere core microbiome.

Carolina González-Rosales1, Maryam Rezaei Somee1, Moritz Buck2

  • 1Center for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems (EEMiS), Linnaeus University, Universitetsplatsen 1, 392 31 Kalmar, Sweden.

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|November 11, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Life thrives deep within Earth's subsurface, forming a global microbial community. Four key populations dominate, adapting their metabolisms to varying depths and energy levels in the deep biosphere.

Keywords:
groundwatermetagenomicsmicrobial ecologymicrobiome

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Geosciences
  • Genomics

Background:

  • The deep biosphere, life beneath Earth's surface, represents a significant portion of global microbial biomass.
  • Understanding its composition and function is crucial for comprehending Earth's biogeochemical cycles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize core microbial populations within the deep terrestrial subsurface.
  • To investigate the metabolic strategies and adaptations of these populations in response to environmental constraints like depth and energy availability.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of nucleic acid datasets from deep subsurface groundwater across four continents.
  • Comparative genomics to assess evolutionary relationships and functional conservation.

Main Results:

  • Identification of four core global microbial populations in the deep biosphere.
  • Diverse metabolic strategies observed, including heterotrophy, sulfur oxidation, carbon/nitrogen fixation, and sulfate reduction.
  • Evidence of depth-related adaptations, with a shift from heterotrophy to autotrophy with increasing depth.
  • Methanogenic autotrophs (Methanobacteriaceae) and sulfate-reducers (Candidatus Desulforudis audaxviator) utilize the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway (WL).

Conclusions:

  • A core global community exists in the deep biosphere, characterized by distinct metabolic capabilities.
  • Functional conservation among these populations suggests long-term evolutionary stability.
  • Metabolic strategies are finely tuned to environmental conditions, particularly depth and resource availability.