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Ultrasonic focus localization via nonlinear harmonic source detection.

Guanjun Yin1, Pan Li2, Jiahao Yang1

  • 1Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Ultrasonics, School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
|November 11, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Accurate focused ultrasound (FUS) localization is achieved by detecting nonlinear harmonics generated at the focus. This method precisely tracks the FUS focus, enhancing safety and efficacy in therapeutic applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Acoustics
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Accurate focus localization is critical for the safety and effectiveness of focused ultrasound (FUS) therapies.
  • Nonlinear effects at the FUS focus produce harmonics, serving as a detectable source.
  • Harmonic detection offers a potential method for real-time FUS focus localization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and experimentally validate a method for FUS focus localization using nonlinear harmonic detection.
  • To compare the accuracy of harmonic-based localization with established methods using two distinct experimental systems.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a sound field scanning system to compare peak acoustic amplitude focus with harmonic time difference of arrival (TDOA) localization.
  • Employed a phased-array ultrasound system to compare geometric focus from B-mode imaging with TDOA and harmonic source reconstruction.
  • Experimental validation of harmonic source localization against reference standards.

Main Results:

  • Harmonic source localization accurately determined the FUS focus across both experimental systems.
  • Time difference of arrival (TDOA) calculations demonstrated superior axial accuracy (0.182 mm) compared to linear array-based harmonic reconstruction (0.438 mm).
  • Results showed sub-wavelength-scale agreement between harmonic-based localization and reference standards.

Conclusions:

  • Nonlinear harmonics serve as reliable acoustic signatures for precise FUS focus tracking.
  • This technique offers significant potential for real-time monitoring in therapeutic FUS applications.
  • Harmonic-based localization enhances the safety and efficacy of FUS treatments.