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Related Concept Videos

Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

20.4K
Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
20.4K
Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

16.7K
Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
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Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

3.8K
Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
3.8K
Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:13

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

13.8K
Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the...
13.8K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 6, 2026

Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles Supported on Carbon Nanotube with Doped Co and N Atoms and its Catalytic Applications in Hydrogen Production
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Stable Hexagonal Close-Packed CoRu/C Nanocrystals for Highly Efficient Hydrogen Oxidation Electrocatalysis.

Xiaojuan Zhang1, Chunchang Wang1, Guoxing Jiang1

  • 1Laboratory of Dielectric Functional Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China.

ACS Nano
|November 11, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Engineered hexagonal CoRu nanocrystals significantly boost alkaline hydrogen oxidation in fuel cells. This crystallographic phase engineering improves activity and CO tolerance, offering a new path for advanced energy technologies.

Keywords:
DFT Calculationcrystal structureelectrocatalysishydrogen oxidation reactionruthenium-based catalysts

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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • The hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) is crucial for anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) but faces challenges with slow kinetics and CO poisoning.
  • Crystallographic phase engineering of cobalt-based nanomaterials for HOR catalysis is an underexplored area.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of crystallographic phase (hcp vs. fcc) on the HOR activity of CoRu nanocrystals.
  • To develop advanced electrocatalysts for improved AEMFC performance.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of hexagonal close-packed (hcp) and face-centered cubic (fcc) CoRu nanocrystals anchored on carbon nanosheets.
  • Electrochemical characterization of HOR activity, durability, and CO tolerance.
  • Density functional theory (DFT) calculations to understand reaction mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Hcp CoRu/C catalysts demonstrated superior alkaline HOR performance compared to fcc CoRu/C, Pt/C, and Ru/C.
  • The hcp catalyst achieved significantly higher mass activity and excellent durability over 20,000 seconds.
  • DFT revealed that the hcp phase optimizes hydrogen binding and hydroxyl adsorption, enhancing HOR kinetics and CO tolerance.

Conclusions:

  • Crystallographic phase engineering of CoRu is an effective strategy to enhance HOR electrocatalysis in alkaline media.
  • This approach offers a promising alternative to traditional composition-based catalyst design for AEMFCs.