Developmental screening: A scoping review and comparative analysis of Australian and international clinical practice...

To systematically identify, synthesise, and compare recommendations on developmental screening in Australian and international clinical guidance documents.

Scoping review.

We searched PubMed, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Google Scholar, and grey literature sources, including guideline repositories, government agencies, and peak professional bodies, with no restrictions on publication date. Methodological quality was assessed using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II instrument.

Twenty-one guidelines were identified. Guideline quality was variable, with consistently low scores for editorial independence, rigour of development, and applicability, especially among Australian state and territory sources. While most guidelines recommended population-level screening, substantial heterogeneity was observed in terminology, recommended screening tools, and the timing and frequency of screening. Compared to international guidelines, Australian sources generally recommended more frequent screening and an earlier age for first screening. The Ages and Stages Questionnaire and Parents' Evaluation of Developmental Status were the most frequently recommended screening tools in Australia, while international sources were less likely to specify a particular tool.

The lack of consistent guidance can foster uncertainty among clinicians, contribute to variation in care, and delayed identification of developmental concerns. The absence of coordinated, nationally consistent recommendations is especially consequential for children already facing barriers to specialised services, further entrenching inequities for priority populations. Our findings underscore an urgent need for more robust, transparent, and inclusive approaches to developing guidance on developmental screening in Australia and internationally.