Adolescent and Young Adult Knowledge of Abortion and Emergency Contraceptive Rights Post-Dobbs

To assess knowledge and perceptions of abortion and emergency contraception (EC) among adolescents and young adults (AYA) in a state with protected abortion access following the Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization decision.

We conducted a cross-sectional survey of patients aged 14-24 presenting to a Title X-supported sexual health clinic in Colorado between April 2023 and January 2024. A 50-item anonymous survey measured knowledge of abortion and EC laws, beliefs about abortion myths, and sociodemographic characteristics. Knowledge scores were categorized as high (≥50% correct) or low (<50% correct).

Among 244 respondents, most were female (94.2%) and aged 18 or older (85%). While 83.3% were familiar with the Dobbs decision, 64.6% were unaware of any changes to abortion laws in Colorado. Less than half (45%) demonstrated high knowledge of abortion laws. Gaps were particularly notable regarding parental consent and gestational limits. In contrast, 76% demonstrated high EC knowledge, though 58.8% either believed EC could end an early pregnancy or were unsure. High abortion knowledge was associated with higher education, prior pregnancy, and awareness of Dobbs. Belief in abortion myths was more common among those with lower knowledge.

Despite living in a state with legal abortion protections, many AYA remain unclear about abortion laws and hold common misconceptions, which may delay care. EC knowledge was higher, but misunderstandings persist. Targeted efforts are needed to improve reproductive health literacy among youth and ensure access to accurate, state-specific information.