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Systemic mRNA vaccines elicit rapid immune activation in canine brain tumors

Sheila Carrera-Justiz1, Mahya Aghaee2, Sadeem Qdaisat3,4

  • 1Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.

Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer
|November 11, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Canine glioma models show promise for new cancer immunotherapies. RNA lipid particle aggregates (LPAs) were safe and improved survival in dogs, demonstrating potential for brain tumor treatment.

Area of Science:

  • Neuro-oncology
  • Immunotherapy
  • Veterinary Medicine

Background:

  • Malignant glioma is a challenging brain cancer with limited treatment options.
  • Canine glioma shares similarities with pediatric glioma, making dogs a valuable preclinical model.
  • Novel therapeutic strategies are needed to overcome treatment resistance in glioma.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the safety and efficacy of RNA lipid particle aggregates (LPAs) as a cancer immunotherapy in dogs with glioma.
  • To assess the impact of LPAs on survival and immune response in a canine glioma model.

Main Methods:

  • Ten dogs with confirmed glioma received peripheral administration of RNA-LPAs.
  • Safety, tolerability, and survival outcomes were monitored.
  • Immune responses, including cytokine profiles and gene expression in the tumor microenvironment, were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Vaccine manufacturing was feasible and generally well-tolerated in all subjects.
  • Median survival times were 123 and 155 days for dogs receiving three or four LPA doses, respectively, exceeding historical controls.
  • Robust cytokine responses and mRNA payload localization to the tumor microenvironment were observed, indicating a localized immune response.

Conclusions:

  • Peripheral administration of RNA-LPAs can induce a localized immune response within the brain tumor microenvironment.
  • RNA-LPAs demonstrate potential as a therapeutic approach for malignant glioma, warranting further investigation in human clinical trials.
  • This approach may help overcome tumor immunosuppression and improve drug delivery to brain tumors.
Keywords:
ImmunotherapyNanoparticleOncolytic virusVaccine

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