Laparoscopic ureterolithotomy in a child with horseshoe kidney

A horseshoe kidney (HSK) is the most frequent genitourinary fusion anomaly in lower pole of kidney fused during fetal development. This syndrome frequently results in morphological defects such as ectopia and malrotation. These structural alterations can lead to ureteropelvic junction obstruction, kidney stones and urinary tract infections. Urolithiasis is a common consequence of the HSK. This case report describes the surgical treatment of ureteric calculus in a boy with an HSK using laparoscopic techniques.