Synthesis of ecologically effective adsorbent from theba pisana snails for enhanced adsorption of Pb and Fe

This study introduces an innovative approach to repurposing agricultural pest snails as effective adsorbents for heavy metal removal, offering a sustainable and eco-friendly solution for wastewater treatment. The recovery of metal ions such as lead and ferrous ions (Pb (II), Fe (II)) from contaminated and aqueous solutions has been investigated using the land snail, Theba pisana, by a single thermal decomposition method. The produced material was successful in removing heavy metals from solutions, as evidenced by the improved adsorption effectiveness of the generated adsorbent. By adjusting several physicochemical factors, including time, pH, dosage, beginning concentration, and temperature, batch experiment research has been clarified. The optimization of lead and iron ion adsorption onto prepared adsorbent was performed considering the factors of fabricated adsorbent pH (1-6); concentrations (50-400 mg/L); adsorbent dose (0.005-0.05 g), time (5-120 min), and temperature (298-318 K).The optimum time and temperature were found to be 45 min and room temperature. FTIR, SEM with EDX, and other Spectro analytical methods were used to analyze the as-synthesized adsorbent. To ascertain which of the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models most accurately captured the reported adsorption equilibrium data, these models were employed. To further clarify the adsorption mechanism, the rate of adsorption was also investigated using a range of linear kinetic models (pseudo first order, pseudo second order and intraparticle diffusion), which showed pseudo-second-order behavior and indicated that two processes are essential to the adsorption process. In order to comprehend the nature of the sorption process, the mechanism of the adsorption process was shown by computing the values of ΔG^o, ΔH^o, and ΔS^o using thermodynamic parameters. Consequently, adsorbent was a readily accessible, affordable, and ecologically suitable adsorbent for the removal of metal ions. An option for the adsorption of metal ions from polluted wastewater is the produced adsorbent.