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Related Concept Videos

Effects of Creep01:25

Effects of Creep

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Creep in concrete, the gradual deformation under prolonged stress, significantly impacts the integrity of structures. For reinforced concrete beams, it can be a vital design consideration, as it increases deflection, sometimes necessitating additional design measures. In columns, especially slender ones under eccentric loads, creep can cause buckling, compromising their stability. However, creep can be beneficial in indeterminate structures by mitigating stresses that arise from shrinkage,...
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Maximum Deflection01:13

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When analyzing beams under unsymmetrical loads, such as a train moving on a bridge, it is crucial to accurately determine the points of maximum stress and deflection. The process involves identifying the maximum deflection of the beam, which may not always occur at its midpoint due to the uneven distribution of the load.
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Prestressed Concrete01:20

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Prestressed concrete is a construction technique designed to enhance the strength and durability of concrete structures. This method involves the application of a pre-set tension to high-strength steel strands used as reinforcement before the concrete is subjected to its working loads. The primary aim of prestressing is to place the concrete in a state of compression, in order to counteract the tensile forces it will experience in service. This pre-compression helps prevent crack formation in...
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Creep refers to the time-dependent increase in strain under a sustained load, excluding other time-dependent deformations associated with shrinkage, swelling, and thermal expansion in concrete. The primary mechanism behind creep involves the loss of physically adsorbed water from the calcium silicate hydrate within the hydrated cement paste. This process is further exacerbated by concrete's non-linear stress-strain relationship, microcrack development in the interfacial transition zone, and...
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Understanding beam deflection, particularly for indeterminate beams with overhanging segments and multiple concentrated loads, is crucial for ensuring structural integrity and functionality. The process begins with constructing an accurate free-body diagram, which helps identify the forces and moments acting on the beam. This diagram is vital for visualizing how bending moments vary along the beam's length, influencing its curvature.
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Beams with Unsymmetric Loadings

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Lessons from time-dependent deflection in record span prestressed concrete bridges.

Teng Tong1,2, Chenyi Zhao2, Shiyu Wu3,4

  • 1Key Laboratory of Concrete and Prestressed Concrete Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, People's Republic of China.

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Summary

Segmentally constructed prestressed concrete (PC) bridges often suffer from excessive deflection and cracking. This study introduces a new numerical framework to improve the design and long-term durability of these record-span PC bridges.

Keywords:
CrackingDeflectionMulti-fieldNonlinear creepRecord-span PC bridge

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Area of Science:

  • Civil Engineering
  • Structural Engineering
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Over 60% of record-span segmentally constructed prestressed concrete (PC) bridges face issues like excessive deflection, cracking, and underestimated prestressing losses.
  • Current design limitations restrict maximum span capacity to approximately 350 m due to unreliable methodologies and software constraints.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a comprehensive numerical framework for analyzing time-dependent behavior in segmentally constructed PC bridges.
  • To investigate the impact of nonlinear creep, cracking, and reinforcement behavior on bridge performance.

Main Methods:

  • A multi-field, time-dependent numerical framework was developed, integrating concrete cracking, nonlinear creep, shrinkage, reinforcement behavior, and prestressing tendon relaxation.
  • The framework was implemented in Abaqus/Standard using user-defined subroutines for high-fidelity 3D simulations.
  • Validation was performed on three record-span PC bridges.

Main Results:

  • Nonlinear creep and concrete cracking were found to significantly worsen deflection, a factor often underestimated in previous research.
  • Downward-curved cantilever tendons are crucial for counteracting the variable effectiveness of threaded bars in prestressing.
  • Achieving an appropriate final stress state is critical for controlling long-term deflection in these structures.

Conclusions:

  • The developed numerical framework offers high-fidelity simulations for segmentally constructed PC bridges.
  • Findings provide essential insights for enhancing the design strategies and long-term durability of record-span PC bridges.
  • Accurate modeling of time-dependent phenomena is key to mitigating common performance issues.