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  1. Home
  3. Fat-free Mass Is Associated With Neurodevelopment Outcomes In Extremely Preterm Infants Up To 3 Years Of Age.
  1. Home
  3. Fat-free Mass Is Associated With Neurodevelopment Outcomes In Extremely Preterm Infants Up To 3 Years Of Age.

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Fat-free mass is associated with neurodevelopment outcomes in extremely preterm infants up to 3 years of age.

Christoph Binder1, Elisabeth Calek2, Alexandra Thajer2

  • 1Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Neonatology, Intensive Care and Neuropediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. christoph.a.binder@meduniwien.ac.at.

Pediatric Research
|November 11, 2025

View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Early fat-free mass (FFM) in extremely preterm infants predicts better neurodevelopment up to age three. Focusing on FFM, not just fat mass or growth faltering, is key for long-term outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatalogy
  • Pediatric Nutrition
  • Developmental Pediatrics

Background:

  • Extremely preterm infants are vulnerable to growth issues and developmental delays.
  • Adequate growth is crucial for neurodevelopment, but optimal nutritional strategies remain unclear.
  • Body composition, especially fat-free mass (FFM), is linked to brain size but its long-term neurodevelopmental impact is unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the association between early body composition, growth, and neurodevelopment in extremely preterm infants.
  • To determine if early body composition predicts long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 105 infants born before 28 weeks gestation was studied.
  • Body composition was assessed at term-equivalent age.
  • Neurodevelopmental outcomes were evaluated at 1, 2, and 3 years of age.

    • Main Results:

    • Higher fat-free mass (FFM) Z-scores at term-equivalent age were significantly linked to better neurodevelopmental scores up to 3 years.
    • Fat mass Z-scores and growth faltering did not show significant associations with improved neurodevelopment.
    • This study is the largest to date linking FFM Z-score to positive neurodevelopmental outcomes in this population.

    Conclusions:

    • Early body composition, specifically FFM, may predict long-term neurodevelopment in extremely preterm infants.
    • Targeted nutritional interventions to promote FFM gains are crucial for optimizing neurodevelopmental outcomes.
    • FFM measurement at term-equivalent age can inform clinical practice and support vulnerable infants.