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Graves' Disease I: Introduction

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 1, 2026

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model

Published on: March 17, 2023

Comparing reference points in strain elastography for predicting autoimmune thyroiditis.

Yi-Chen Ho¹, Chi-Yu Kuo^1,2, Ming-Nan Chien^2,3

¹Department of Surgery, MacKay Memorial Hospital, 92, Chung-Shan North Road, Section 2, Taipei, 104217, Taiwan.

Journal of Medical Ultrasonics (2001)

|November 11, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Using the trachea as a reference in strain elastography significantly improves the diagnosis of autoimmune thyroiditis. This method enhances diagnostic performance compared to using sternocleidomastoid muscles.

Keywords:

Strain elastography Strain ratio Thyroid ultrasound Thyroiditis

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Published on: February 9, 2024

Area of Science:

Radiology
Thyroid Imaging
Diagnostic Ultrasound

Background:

Chronic autoimmune thyroiditis is associated with increased thyroid stiffness.
Sternocleidomastoid (SCM) or strap muscles have been used as reference points in strain elastography.
The choice of reference point may impact diagnostic accuracy.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare the diagnostic performance of strain elastography for autoimmune thyroiditis using different reference points.
To evaluate the influence of sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle versus trachea as reference points.
To determine the optimal reference point for assessing thyroid stiffness in autoimmune thyroiditis.

Main Methods:

Strain elastography was performed on non-tumor-bearing thyroid parenchyma in patients scheduled for thyroidectomy.
The strain ratio was calculated using either the adjacent sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle or the trachea as the reference point.
Pathological results served as the gold standard for diagnosis.

Main Results:

Autoimmune thyroiditis was diagnosed in 39 out of 174 patients (22%).
The strain ratio using the trachea as a reference, along with thyroid antibodies, independently predicted thyroiditis.
The area under the ROC curve was significantly higher when using the trachea (0.854) compared to the SCM (0.611).

Conclusions:

The choice of reference point in strain elastography critically affects the prediction of autoimmune thyroiditis.
Utilizing the trachea as a reference point significantly enhances the diagnostic performance of strain elastography for autoimmune thyroiditis.
Diagnostic accuracy was not influenced by patient age or body habitus.