Osteoporotic Fractures of the Proximal Humerus: an In-Depth Review of Current Management Options

Proximal humerus fractures are common osteoporosis-related fractures in the elderly population. Due to these fractures, the quality of life of patients decreases significantly. This review aims to (1) describe the epidemiology of osteoporosis-related proximal humerus fractures, (2) evaluate the current management of these fractures, and (3) address the economic burden of these fractures.

Recent studies highlight that the incidence of proximal humerus fractures due to osteoporosis is increasing due to the increase in the elderly population. There are many methods in the literature for the treatment of these fractures, including nonsurgical treatment, minimally invasive surgery, open reduction internal fixation, intramedullary nailing and arthroplasty. Reverse shoulder arthroplasty is gaining popularity for the treatment of osteoporosis-related comminuted and displaced proximal humerus fractures in the elderly population. Post-treatment rehabilitation is as critical as the treatment itself. Osteoporosis-related proximal humeral fractures pose a serious problem in the elderly population. Multiple treatment options are available, and there is no consensus in the literature regarding treatment and rehabilitation protocols. The characteristics of the patient and the fracture should be evaluated together, and the appropriate treatment and rehabilitation protocol should be determined accordingly. Future studies should aim to standardize treatment and rehabilitation protocols and alleviate the economic burden caused by these fractures.