Mandibular Fracture in a 3-Month-Old Infant: Conservative Management and Diagnostic Considerations

Mandibular fractures are rare in infants under one year of age, accounting for only 0.9%-2.6% of pediatric mandibular injuries. Their infrequency is due to the unique anatomical and developmental features of the infant mandible, including increased bone elasticity and minimal exposure to high-impact trauma. Diagnosis and management are often challenging, particularly given the difficulty in symptom communication, presence of unfused skeletal structures, and developing tooth buds. We described a case of a 3-month-old infant who sustained concurrent fractures of the mandibular symphysis and left condylar head following an accidental fall from a diaper-changing table. Computed tomography revealed a greenstick fracture at the symphysis and a minimally displaced condylar fracture. In consideration of the patient's age, fracture type, and high remodeling capacity, conservative management was selected. Clinical and radiographic follow-up over three months demonstrated excellent bony remodeling without any surgical intervention. There was no functional impairment or developmental delay. This case highlights the substantial remodeling potential of the infant mandible and supports the efficacy of conservative treatment in selected cases. It also underscores the importance of distinguishing true fractures from developmental non-union in the symphyseal region. Long-term follow-up until the completion of mandibular growth remains crucial to detect potential growth disturbances.