Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Drug Concentrations: Measurements01:23

Drug Concentrations: Measurements

1.0K
Drug concentration is the quantity of a drug present in a biological sample. Measuring drug amounts in biological samples allows the clinician to understand how a drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted. Samples can be obtained through invasive or non-invasive methods. Invasive techniques involve surgical or parenteral interventions to gather blood, cerebrospinal fluid, or tissue biopsy. Conversely, non-invasive approaches provide samples like urine, feces, and saliva.
Plasma...
1.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Recent Developments in Tear Fluid Biomarkers: An Expert Perspective on Clinical Translation.

Current eye research·2026
Same author

Fibrosis-Associated Fluid Biomarkers for Predicting Surgical Outcomes in Glaucoma Surgery: A Systematic Review.

Current eye research·2026
Same author

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Dry Eye Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Current eye research·2026
Same author

Microscopy and Spectroscopy Techniques for Tear Fluid Diagnostics.

Current eye research·2026
Same author

Downregulation of <i>SAFB</i> Sustains the NF-<b>κ</b>B Pathway by Targeting <i>TAK1</i> during the Progression of Colorectal Cancer.

Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research·2017
Same author

Unexplained Variation for Hospitals' Use of Inpatient Rehabilitation and Skilled Nursing Facilities After an Acute Ischemic Stroke.

Stroke·2017

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 11, 2026

Bead Based Multiplex Assay for Analysis of Tear Cytokine Profiles
09:22

Bead Based Multiplex Assay for Analysis of Tear Cytokine Profiles

Published on: October 13, 2017

12.3K

Comparing Analyte Concentrations in Paired Tear Fluid and Blood Samples.

Yutong Wang1, Li Liang1, Rudy M M A Nuijts1

  • 1University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Mental Health and Neuroscience Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.

Current Eye Research
|November 12, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Tear fluid analysis can monitor systemic conditions, as analyte concentrations correlate with blood levels. Cytokines and neuromodulators are higher in tears, while antibodies and drugs are higher in blood.

Keywords:
Paired samplesbloodclinically relevant impactscorrelationstear fluid

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Isolating Biomolecules from Mouse Tears &#8212; A Methodology for Molecular Analysis and Biomarker Research
09:04

Author Spotlight: Isolating Biomolecules from Mouse Tears — A Methodology for Molecular Analysis and Biomarker Research

Published on: July 19, 2024

2.3K
Tear-Derived Exosomal miR-15a as New Diagnostic Tool for Diabetic Retinopathy
07:45

Tear-Derived Exosomal miR-15a as New Diagnostic Tool for Diabetic Retinopathy

Published on: December 30, 2025

141

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 11, 2026

Bead Based Multiplex Assay for Analysis of Tear Cytokine Profiles
09:22

Bead Based Multiplex Assay for Analysis of Tear Cytokine Profiles

Published on: October 13, 2017

12.3K
Author Spotlight: Isolating Biomolecules from Mouse Tears &#8212; A Methodology for Molecular Analysis and Biomarker Research
09:04

Author Spotlight: Isolating Biomolecules from Mouse Tears — A Methodology for Molecular Analysis and Biomarker Research

Published on: July 19, 2024

2.3K
Tear-Derived Exosomal miR-15a as New Diagnostic Tool for Diabetic Retinopathy
07:45

Tear-Derived Exosomal miR-15a as New Diagnostic Tool for Diabetic Retinopathy

Published on: December 30, 2025

141

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Biomarker Discovery
  • Ophthalmology

Background:

  • Tear fluid analysis offers a non-invasive method for monitoring physiological and pathological conditions.
  • Understanding the relationship between tear fluid and blood analyte concentrations is crucial for validating tear fluid as a diagnostic medium.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare analyte concentrations in paired tear fluid and blood samples.
  • To evaluate the correlations between analyte concentrations in tear fluid and blood.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies published between 1974 and 2025.
  • Data extraction and pooling of concentration data using random-effects models.
  • Bayesian posterior simulation methods to compare concentrations and calculate ratios.

Main Results:

  • 367 paired samples and 138 analytes were analyzed.
  • Cytokines and neuromodulators were generally higher in tear fluid, while antibodies and drugs were higher in blood.
  • Strong positive correlations (r > 0.8) were observed for 32% of analytes, supporting tear fluid's potential.

Conclusions:

  • Analyte concentrations in tear fluid and blood vary by functional category.
  • Tear fluid analysis is a promising non-invasive approach for monitoring systemic health.
  • The strong correlations support tear fluid's utility in assessing systemic physiological and pathological states.