Health risk assessment of occupational exposure to hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) among dairy processing plant workers

Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) is a well-known irritant that affects the eyes, respiratory tract, and skin, and long-term exposure may lead to chronic respiratory conditions such as bronchitis, pulmonary fibrosis, and an increased risk of lung cancer, particularly in occupational settings. The objective of this study was to evaluate occupational exposure to H₂O₂ among dairy processing plant workers and to characterize the associated semi-quantitative risks using the methodology of the Singapore Occupational Health Department. This research was conducted in the sterilization units of three dairy processing plants located in Neyshabur, Iran. The semi-quantitative risk assessment in this study adhered to the methodology recommended by the Singapore Occupational Health Department. The findings revealed that the average occupational exposure to H₂O₂ for 29 workers across three dairy processing plants was 0.91 ± 0.54 ppm, with individual exposure levels ranging from 0.10 to 2.12 ppm. The mean exposure level exceeded the adjusted threshold limit value (TLV) for H₂O₂ (0.78 ppm). The evaluation of health risks associated with H₂O₂ exposure revealed that all participants fell within the medium-risk category. This classification underscores the potential for adverse health effects among dairy workers and highlights the need for targeted interventions to mitigate exposure risks and enhance workplace safety.