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Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

1.7K
Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
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The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

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Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 11, 2026

Adoptive Transfer of IL-33-Stimulated Macrophages into Bleomycin-Induced Mouse Models to Study Their Effect on Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis In Vivo
06:29

Adoptive Transfer of IL-33-Stimulated Macrophages into Bleomycin-Induced Mouse Models to Study Their Effect on Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis In Vivo

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Unlocking IL-33: New Insights into Tumor Immunity.

Byeong Hoon Kang1,2, Heung Kyu Lee2

  • 1Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea.

Immune Network
|November 12, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Interleukin-33 (IL-33), an alarmin, has a dual role in the tumor microenvironment, influencing both tumor growth and immune response. This review explores IL-33

Keywords:
Cancer immunotherapyIL-33Tumor microenvironmentType 1 immunityType 2 immunity

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cancer Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is an IL-1 family cytokine constitutively expressed in cell nuclei.
  • Released upon tissue damage, IL-33 acts as an alarmin, activating immune cells via its receptor, ST2.
  • ST2 expression on immune cells mediating type 1 and type 2 immunity highlights IL-33's pleiotropic effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the immunological functions of IL-33.
  • To emphasize IL-33's complex role in tumor immunity and the tumor microenvironment (TME).
  • To review advancements in IL-33-based cancer immunotherapies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing research on IL-33.
  • Analysis of IL-33's function in various immune responses.
  • Evaluation of IL-33's impact on the TME and cancer progression.

Main Results:

  • IL-33 exhibits a dual role in the TME, potentially promoting or inhibiting tumor development.
  • IL-33 influences diverse immune cells, contributing to both protumor and antitumor responses.
  • Recent studies highlight IL-33's potential in cancer immunotherapy strategies.

Conclusions:

  • IL-33 is a significant factor in tumor immunity with complex, context-dependent effects.
  • Targeting IL-33 presents a promising avenue for novel cancer therapies.
  • Further research into IL-33's mechanisms in the TME could optimize its therapeutic application.