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Acute Coronary Syndrome I: Introduction01:30

Acute Coronary Syndrome I: Introduction

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Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) encompasses a spectrum of heart conditions caused by sudden obstruction of coronary arteries, typically resulting from the rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque and subsequent thrombus (blood clot) formation. This obstruction can lead to partial or complete blockage of blood flow, causing varying degrees of myocardial ischemia or infarction.ACS includes the following clinical entities:Unstable Angina (UA)Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI)ST-Elevation...
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Acute Coronary Syndrome III: Diagnostic Studies01:30

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Diagnosing acute coronary syndrome or ACS begins with a thorough patient history. Notable symptoms include central, crushing chest pain radiating to the left arm, neck, jaw, or back, along with shortness of breath, sweating (diaphoresis), nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and palpitations.It is crucial to note any history of cardiac illnesses and assess risk factors, including age, gender, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and a sedentary lifestyle.During physical examination, vital...
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Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:19

Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

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The pathophysiology of Acute Coronary Syndrome [ACD] involves several key processes:The main underlying cause of ACD is atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the buildup of lipid-laden plaques within the coronary arteries.As the atherosclerotic plaque grows in the coronary artery, it may become unstable due to the formation of a lipid-rich core and a thin fibrous cap. Inflammatory cells within the plaque, such as macrophages, secrete enzymes that degrade the...
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Coronary Artery Disease III: Clinical Manifestations01:30

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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is a primary health risk worldwide, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. The condition arises from the buildup of atherosclerotic plaques within the coronary arteries, resulting in diminished blood supply to the heart muscle.The clinical manifestations of CAD vary widely, from asymptomatic stages to severe, life-threatening conditions. Understanding these manifestations is crucial for early diagnosis and effective management.Angina Pectoris: The Warning...
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Acute Coronary Syndrome V: Nursing Management01:26

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Nursing Assessment:Nursing management of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) involves taking the patient's history, focusing on primary complaints such as chest pain, dyspnea, and excessive sweating (diaphoresis), as well as other symptoms like back or jaw pain, nausea, vomiting, palpitations, dizziness, and fatigue. The nurse also reviews the patient's history of cardiac events, risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, smoking, family history, and current medications.In the objective assessment,...
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Coronary Artery Disease I: Introduction01:30

Coronary Artery Disease I: Introduction

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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): An Overview with Scientific InsightsCoronary Artery Disease (CAD), often referred to as C-A-D, is a prevalent blood vessel disorder classified under the broader category of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a pathological process characterized by the hardening and narrowing of arteries due to the accumulation of atherosclerotic plaques. These plaques are composed of cholesterol, fatty substances, inflammatory cells, calcium, and fibrin, reducing blood flow to...
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  1. Home
  3. Beyond The Norm: Decoding Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection As An Unusual Cause Of Acute Coronary Syndrome.
  1. Home
  3. Beyond The Norm: Decoding Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection As An Unusual Cause Of Acute Coronary Syndrome.

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Beyond the Norm: Decoding Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection as an Unusual Cause of Acute Coronary Syndrome.

Holden Zimmerman1, Himanshi Banker2, Inder P Kaur3

  • 1Penn State University Milton S Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania.

HCA Healthcare Journal of Medicine
|November 12, 2025

View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is a rare cause of heart attack in young women, often linked to pregnancy. Early diagnosis and management are crucial due to its unique causes and potential for severe outcomes.

Keywords:
SCADcardiovascularcoronary vessel anomaliesfenestratedintravascular ultrasoundnon-fenestratedoptical coherence tomographic imagingpregnancy associated SCADpregnancy complicationsspontaneous coronary artery dissectionultrasonographyvascular diseases

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Vascular Biology

Background:

  • Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is an uncommon, non-atherosclerotic cause of myocardial infarction.
  • It disproportionately affects young women, particularly during pregnancy.
  • SCAD involves the formation of a false lumen in the coronary artery wall, impairing blood flow.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of SCAD.
  • To cover its epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on SCAD.
  • Analysis of diagnostic tools including coronary angiography, optical coherence tomography, intravascular ultrasound, and cardiac MRI.

Main Results:

  • SCAD presents similarly to atherosclerotic acute coronary syndromes but has different underlying causes, such as connective tissue defects and inflammation.
  • Diagnosis requires advanced imaging techniques due to its elusive nature.
  • Management strategies are being refined for this specific patient population.

    • Conclusions:

    • SCAD is a critical consideration in young women presenting with myocardial infarction, especially during pregnancy.
    • Accurate diagnosis through specialized imaging is essential.
    • Further research into SCAD pathophysiology and optimal management is warranted.