Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Graphical and Analytic Representation of Sinusoids01:20

Graphical and Analytic Representation of Sinusoids

882
Analyzing two sinusoidal voltages with equal amplitude and period but different phases on an oscilloscope, an instrument used to display and analyze waveforms, involves a three-step process.
The first step is measuring the peak-to-peak value, which is twice the amplitude of the sinusoid. This provides information about the maximum voltage swing of the waveform.
Secondly, the period and angular frequency are determined. The period is the time taken for one complete cycle of the waveform, while...
882
Sinusoidal Sources01:18

Sinusoidal Sources

1.0K
Direct current (DC) refers to an electric current that flows in a single direction, maintaining a constant polarity. This is in contrast to alternating current (AC), which periodically changes its direction and magnitude. AC forms the backbone of modern electricity transmission and distribution systems due to its efficient long-distance transmission capabilities.
In homes, the power supplies use sinusoidal sources to provide electricity. These sources generate a voltage that varies sinusoidally...
1.0K
Phasors01:12

Phasors

1.1K
Phasors are a powerful mathematical tool used to analyze alternating current (AC) circuits. They provide a complex number representation of sinusoids, with the magnitude of the phasor equating to the amplitude of the sinusoid and the angle of the phasor representing the phase measured from the positive x-axis.
One of the significant benefits of using phasors is that they simplify the analysis of AC circuits by eliminating the time dependence of the current and voltage. This transformation...
1.1K
Phasor Arithmetics01:13

Phasor Arithmetics

719
Phasors and their corresponding sinusoids are interrelated, offering unique insights into the behavior of alternating current (AC) circuits. One way to understand this relationship is through the operations of differentiation and integration in both the time and phasor domains.
When the derivative of a sinusoid is taken in the time domain, it transforms into its corresponding phasor multiplied by j-omega (jω) in the phasor domain, where j is the imaginary unit, and ω is the angular...
719
Superposition Theorem for AC Circuits01:13

Superposition Theorem for AC Circuits

1.7K
Consider encountering a circuit in a steady state where all its inputs are sinusoidal, yet they do not all possess the same frequency. Such a circuit is not classified as an alternating current (AC) circuit, and consequently, its currents and voltages will not exhibit sinusoidal behavior. However, this circuit can be analyzed using the principle of superposition.
The principle of superposition stipulates that the output of a linear circuit with several concurrent inputs is equivalent to the...
1.7K
Quantum Numbers02:43

Quantum Numbers

48.9K
It is said that the energy of an electron in an atom is quantized; that is, it can be equal only to certain specific values and can jump from one energy level to another but not transition smoothly or stay between these levels.
48.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Terahertz-range on-chip local oscillator based on Josephson junction arrays for superconducting quantum-limited receivers.

Beilstein journal of nanotechnology·2026
Same author

Metastable States of 2D-Material-on-Metal-Islands Structures Revealed by Thermal Cycling.

Micromachines·2025
Same author

Microwave Receiving System Based on Cryogenic Sensors for the Optical Big Telescope Alt-Azimuth.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2024
Same author

Quasiepitaxial Aluminum Film Nanostructure Optimization for Superconducting Quantum Electronic Devices.

Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)·2023
Same author

Fabrication of quasi-one-dimensional superconducting micro- and nanostructures.

Recent patents on nanotechnology·2008
Same author

Size dependent breakdown of superconductivity in ultranarrow nanowires.

Nano letters·2005

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 11, 2026

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform
05:39

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform

Published on: August 2, 2019

10.2K

Quantum circuits with SINIS structures.

Mikhail Tarasov1, Mikhail Fominskii1, Aleksandra Gunbina1

  • 1V. Kotelnikov Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics RAS, Moscow, Russia.

Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology
|November 12, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Superconductor-insulator-normal metal-insulator-superconductor (SINIS) tunnel junctions are key for cryogenic devices. Optimized SINIS arrays achieve high responsivity for detecting microwave radiation, crucial for radio astronomy applications.

Keywords:
Big Telescope Alt-azimuthalNIS tunnel junctionelectron coolersmicro- and nanotechnologymicrowave detectorssuperconducting tunnel junctions

More Related Videos

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
06:42

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Published on: June 8, 2018

9.6K
Silicon Metal-oxide-semiconductor Quantum Dots for Single-electron Pumping
14:58

Silicon Metal-oxide-semiconductor Quantum Dots for Single-electron Pumping

Published on: June 3, 2015

15.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 11, 2026

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform
05:39

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform

Published on: August 2, 2019

10.2K
Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
06:42

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Published on: June 8, 2018

9.6K
Silicon Metal-oxide-semiconductor Quantum Dots for Single-electron Pumping
14:58

Silicon Metal-oxide-semiconductor Quantum Dots for Single-electron Pumping

Published on: June 3, 2015

15.3K

Area of Science:

  • Cryogenic devices
  • Superconducting electronics
  • Microwave detection

Background:

  • Superconductor-insulator-normal metal-insulator-superconductor (SINIS) tunnel junctions are fundamental components in advanced cryogenic applications.
  • These devices are utilized in microwave detectors, electron coolers, primary thermometers, and Aharonov-Bohm interferometers.
  • Fabrication and measurement of SINIS devices have been performed at temperatures as low as 100 mK.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To optimize SINIS tunnel junction structures for enhanced sensitivity and responsivity in cryogenic devices.
  • To develop and test SINIS arrays specifically for detecting 90 GHz radiation for radio astronomy.
  • To evaluate the performance of SINIS receivers in a cryostat at low temperatures.

Main Methods:

  • Manufacturing of SINIS structures using Dolan-type and Manhattan-type shadow evaporation, and magnetron sputtering.
  • Suspension of the absorber above the substrate to improve ultimate sensitivity.
  • Testing of SINIS arrays with a black body radiation source, band-pass filters, and an IMPATT diode radiation source.

Main Results:

  • Achieved responsivity up to 30 electrons per photon at 350 GHz (72000 A/W) and voltage responsivity up to 3.9 × 10^9 V/W.
  • Designed SINIS arrays demonstrated noise equivalent power below 10^-16 W·Hz^-1/2 for 90 GHz radiation detection.
  • Successful mounting and testing of a SINIS receiver in a 3He cryostat at 260 mK at the Nasmyth focus of the BTA telescope.

Conclusions:

  • Optimized SINIS tunnel junctions offer significant improvements in sensitivity and responsivity for cryogenic applications.
  • The developed SINIS arrays are suitable for detecting faint microwave signals, particularly for radio astronomy at 90 GHz.
  • The experimental setup and testing at the BTA telescope confirm the potential of SINIS devices for astronomical observations.