BIOKINETICS IN ACHILLES TENDINOPATHY: ESSENTIAL FINDINGS AND CLINICAL APPLICATIONS

Area of Science:

• Biomechanics
• Sports Medicine
• Orthopedics

Background:

• Achilles tendinopathy (AT) affects ~8% of athletes, particularly runners, causing pain and reduced function.
• Despite its strength, the Achilles tendon is prone to rupture and tendinopathy.
• Abnormal biomechanical factors are strongly linked to the development of AT.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the biomechanical factors contributing to Achilles tendinopathy (AT).
• To examine the clinical relevance of kinematic and kinetic parameters in AT.
• To evaluate nonoperative interventions and exercises for AT targeting biomechanical risks.

Main Methods:

• Narrative review of existing literature on AT biomechanics.
• Analysis of kinematic and kinetic parameters associated with AT.
• Examination of nonoperative interventions and exercise-based rehabilitation strategies.

Main Results:

• Key biomechanical factors include decreased plantar flexion strength, reduced gluteal muscle activity, altered ankle/knee motion, and impaired center of force progression.
• These factors can increase mechanical load and microtrauma, leading to tendon damage.
• Specific exercises targeting kinematic and kinetic deficiencies show promise in AT management.

Conclusions:

• Effective AT management requires addressing both strength deficits and biomechanical abnormalities.
• Traditional rehabilitation often overlooks critical biomechanical issues.
• Integrating exercises that target specific kinematic and kinetic deficiencies is essential for comprehensive AT rehabilitation.