Trends in self-inflicted injuries in Brazil from 2001 to 2021: notification, hospitalization, and death analysis

Suicide is a major preventable cause of mortality. This study aims to analyze morbidity and mortality data related to self-inflicted injuries based on notifications, hospitalizations, and deaths, using national information systems from 2001 to 2021. It is an ecological study of cases recorded in the Violence and Accident Surveillance System (continuous component), the Hospital Information System, and the Mortality Information System. The study covers all 26 state capitals, the Federal District, the five macro-regions, and the country as a whole. Findings indicate increased rates of self-inflicted injuries among individuals aged 10 to 19 between 2019 and 2021. There was a higher incidence of reports of notifications among women and oppositional for attempts and deaths. The analysis of mortality trends indicates a male predominance, in the age group of 40 to 59 years and among white skin people. Prais-Winsten models indicated a significant upward trend in suicide deaths in 14 capitals, with rate stability in the remaining cities. The findings highlight the urgent need to strengthen suicide prevention efforts and promote mental health in Brazil, alongside expanding the psychosocial care network.