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Tracking the Stem and Root Morphemes in Arabic: Evidence from Visual Morphological Priming.

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This study investigated how Arabic words are organized in the brain. Findings suggest that both the root and stem play roles in lexical access, with surface stems showing the strongest priming effect.

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Area of Science:

  • Linguistics
  • Psycholinguistics
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • The morphemic status of the consonantal root in Arabic linguistics is debated.
  • Priming experiments in Arabic have yielded inconsistent results regarding root effects.
  • The role of the stem in Arabic lexical access requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally investigate the priming effect of stems on lexical access in Arabic.
  • To compare the priming effects of inflectional stems, derivational stems, and consonantal roots.
  • To contribute to the theoretical debate on the organization of the Arabic lexicon.

Main Methods:

  • A visual lexical decision masked priming experiment was conducted.
  • Participants were presented with target words preceded by related or unrelated primes.
  • Priming conditions included shared surface stem, shared abstract stem, shared root, and phono-orthographic control.

Main Results:

  • A gradient facilitation effect was observed across all priming conditions.
  • Inflectional stems showed significantly greater priming than derivational stems or roots.
  • Reaction times were slowest in the phono-orthographic control condition.

Conclusions:

  • The findings support a gradient salience of stem and root in Arabic lexical organization.
  • Words sharing surface stems prime lexical access more effectively than those sharing derivational stems or roots.
  • A hybrid model of the Arabic lexicon, incorporating both root and stem access, is proposed.