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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 11, 2026

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Bioinspired Gradient-Modulus Iontronic Sensors with Drift-Suppressed Stability for Biomechanical Monitoring.

Yong Zhang1,2,3, Pei Li1, Xin Gou1,2

  • 1Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, P. R. China.

ACS Sensors
|November 12, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a bioinspired gradient-modulus iontronic sensor (GMIS) for flexible biomechanical sensing. This sensor offers ultrahigh sensitivity, a broad detection range, and enhanced stability for monitoring physiological signals.

Keywords:
Biomechanics analysisGradient-modulus structureHigh sensitivityIontronic sensorPlantar pressure sensingSkin-inspired

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Sensor Technology

Background:

  • Flexible biomechanical sensors face challenges in achieving broad detection range, ultrahigh sensitivity, and long-term stability.
  • Human skin's gradient-modulus structure inspires a novel design for improved sensor performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a bioinspired gradient-modulus iontronic sensor (GMIS) that overcomes limitations of current flexible sensors.
  • To enhance sensing range, sensitivity, and stability for real-time physiological signal monitoring.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of GMIS by integrating a microstructured ionic gel with a glass fiber-reinforced matrix.
  • Experimental evaluation of sensor performance, including sensitivity, detection range, and creep-induced drift.
  • Integration with a convolutional neural network for analyzing plantar pressure during locomotion.

Main Results:

  • GMIS demonstrated ultrahigh sensitivity (2904 kPa-1) over a wide pressure range (∼3 MPa), doubling that of uniform sensors.
  • Glass fiber reinforcement reduced creep-induced drift from 62.28% to 11.8% and enhanced long-term stability.
  • The sensing system achieved a Pearson correlation coefficient > 0.91 for plantar pressure during walking and running.

Conclusions:

  • The modulus-gradient design strategy is effective for creating advanced wearable biomechanical sensors.
  • GMIS offers a promising platform for musculoskeletal rehabilitation and health monitoring applications.
  • This work integrates material innovation with biomechanical analysis for enhanced sensor functionality.