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Related Concept Videos

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Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.
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Thermal Energy Microscopically, thermal energy is the kinetic energy associated with the random motion of atoms and molecules. Temperature is a quantitative measure of “hot” or “cold”, which depends on the amount of thermal energy. When the atoms and molecules in an object are moving or vibrating quickly, they have a higher average kinetic energy (KE) (or higher thermal energy), and the object is perceived as “hot”, or it is described as being at a higher temperature. When the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 11, 2026

Simulating Temperature in a Soil Incubation Experiment
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Robust increase in observed heat storage by the global subsurface.

Francisco José Cuesta-Valero1,2, Almudena García-García1,2, Hugo Beltrami3

  • 1Department of Remote Sensing, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Leipzig 04318, Germany.

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Global ground heat storage is increasing, with satellite data revealing significant heat gain over the past six decades. This trend shows positive acceleration, impacting climate and ecosystems.

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Area of Science:

  • Earth Science
  • Climate Science
  • Geophysics

Background:

  • Climate system heat storage changes impact ecosystems and human societies.
  • Continental subsurface heat gain is crucial for permafrost thaw, soil carbon storage, and surface energy exchange.
  • Global-scale ground heat storage data is limited post-2000.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address the lack of post-2000 global ground heat storage data.
  • To estimate global ground heat storage using expanded datasets.
  • To analyze the acceleration of global ground heat storage.

Main Methods:

  • Expanded geothermal database with remote sensing observations from satellite platforms.
  • Utilized satellite data to estimate ground heat storage.
  • Analyzed temporal trends and acceleration of heat storage.

Main Results:

  • Satellite data estimates a heat gain of 16.4 ± 3.4 to 21.78 ± 0.62 zettajoules over the past six decades.
  • Global ground heat storage exhibits positive acceleration, ranging from 0.16 ± 0.15 to 0.624 ± 0.032 zettajoules per square decade.
  • This acceleration mirrors trends in other Earth heat inventory components.

Conclusions:

  • Satellite data provides crucial insights into global ground heat storage.
  • The accelerating trend in ground heat storage highlights its significance in the Earth's energy balance.
  • Future satellite missions will enable continued monitoring of land-based heat inventory.