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Hyperbaric Oxygen Treatment for Long-COVID syndrome: A Systematic Review of Current Evidence on Cognitive Decline
Fernanda Valeriano Zamora1, Ana Clara Felix de Farias Santos2, Andres Villca Zamora3
1Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Insights
Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy shows promise for long-COVID syndrome (LCS) patients, improving cognitive function and reducing fatigue and pain. This safe treatment warrants further investigation in larger randomized trials.
Area of Science:
- Hyperbaric medicine
- Neurology
- Pulmonology
Background:
- Long-COVID syndrome (LCS) lacks specific treatments.
- Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy is being explored as a potential intervention for LCS.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review the existing literature on the benefits of HBO therapy in patients with LCS.
Main Methods:
- A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases was conducted until April 2024.
- Included studies were assessed for risk of bias and GRADE quality.
- The review was registered with PROSPERO (ID: CRD42024530421).
Main Results:
- Seven studies involving 199 participants were analyzed.
- HBO protocols varied (2.0-2.5 ATA, 10-60 sessions).
- Improvements were noted in memory, executive function, attention, fatigue, and pain; side effects were minimal and not serious.
Conclusions:
- HBO therapy presents a potential and safe treatment option for LCS.
- Further large-scale randomized controlled trials are recommended to confirm efficacy.
Introduction:
There is no established specific treatment for long-COVID syndrome (LCS), yet hyperbaric oxygen (HBO₂) treatment has been studied as a potential option. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review to evaluate the benefits of HBO₂ treatment in LCS patients.
Methods:
We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases until April 2024. Risk of bias and GRADE quality assessment were evaluated. This study was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) with ID CRD42024530421.
Results:
Seven studies from seven countries, divided into RCTs and observational studies, included 199 participants. HBO₂ treatment protocols included breathing 100% oxygen at 2.0 ATA until 2.5 ATA; the number of sessions varied from ten to 60 depending on the patient's comorbidities and symptoms. Memory, executive function, attention, fatigue, and pain level improved with HBO2 treatment. The intervention had minimal side effects, and none were serious.
Conclusion:
HBO₂ treatment might be a potential option and safe treatment in LCS patients. However, further research should be focused on evaluating its efficacy in a larger number of patients through randomized studies.
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