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ReacStick: Evaluating Executive Function Independent From Level of Education.
Maura Lane1, Katharine Seagly2, Emily M Briceño2
1Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, Michigan.
American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation
|November 12, 2025
Summary
ReacStick, a novel executive function test, shows minimal bias from years of education compared to traditional tests like Trails B. This makes it suitable for diverse populations, including those with limited education.
Area of Science:
- Neuropsychology
- Cognitive Science
- Psychometrics
Background:
- Executive function tests often incorporate reading, writing, and calculation, introducing educational bias.
- This bias limits the assessment of cognitive abilities in diverse populations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the ReacStick, a rapid go/no-go task, for assessing executive function with reduced educational bias.
- To compare the influence of educational attainment on ReacStick performance versus the Trails B test.
Main Methods:
- Cross-sectional data from healthy older adults (n=139) and adults with hepatic cirrhosis (n=118) were analyzed.
- The impact of years of education on Trails B completion time and ReacStick accuracy parameters was examined.
Main Results:
- Fewer years of education significantly correlated with longer Trails B completion times, explaining 5.3% of its variance.
- Years of education did not show a significant relationship with ReacStick accuracy parameters (On, Off, All Accuracy).
Conclusions:
- ReacStick provides a quantifiable measure of executive function with significantly less educational bias than Trails B.
- Its design supports broader application across diverse populations, including non-native English speakers and individuals with limited formal education.
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