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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 11, 2026

Visualizing Hyporheic Flow Through Bedforms Using Dye Experiments and Simulation
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Identifying potential service flow and actual service flow: Source-flow-sink-use framework and case study.

Yue Wang1, Hongfei He1, Qi Fu2

  • 1College of Land Management, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.

Journal of Environmental Management
|November 12, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Understanding ecosystem service flows (ESFs) is key for management. This study introduces a source-flow-sink-use framework to assess freshwater supply security patterns and spatial characteristics.

Keywords:
Assessment frameworkEcosystem serviceEcosystem service flowFreshwater security indexFreshwater supply service

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Environmental Science
  • Spatial Analysis

Background:

  • Ecosystem service flows (ESFs) assessment and management require understanding the delivery chain from generation to utilization.
  • Spatial characteristics and interconnections within the ESF delivery chain have been under-examined.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and apply a source-flow-sink-use framework to analyze freshwater supply service (FS) delivery chains.
  • To quantify potential and actual freshwater flows, and to develop improved freshwater security indexes (FSI).
  • To reveal spatial patterns of freshwater supply security.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a source-flow-sink-use framework distinguishing potential and actual service flows.
  • Quantified supply, demand, potential flow, actual flow, flow depletion, and storage of FS at multiple scales.
  • Improved freshwater security indexes (FSI) and mapped regional freshwater supply security patterns.

Main Results:

  • Potential service flow showed a west-low, east-high pattern; actual service flow was lower with greater spatial heterogeneity.
  • Static, potential, and actual FSI revealed distinct freshwater supply security patterns: slight surplus, surplus, and southern surplus with northern deficit.
  • The study provides a quantitative basis for understanding ESFs and their management.

Conclusions:

  • The source-flow-sink-use framework enhances ESF assessment by incorporating spatial dynamics.
  • Findings offer crucial insights for spatial planning and ecosystem management, particularly for freshwater resources.
  • This research contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of ecological processes in service delivery.