Uneven access to essential services and amenities: Geographic disparities in 'third place' availability across the United States from 2010 to 2021
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View abstract on PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.Community gathering spots, known as third places, are closing, especially in vulnerable and rural areas. This decline exacerbates socioeconomic and health disparities, necessitating targeted interventions for equitable access.
Area Of Science
- Sociology
- Urban Planning
- Public Health
Background
- Third places are essential community hubs fostering social cohesion and health.
- Uneven distribution and recent closures may worsen socio-geographic disparities.
- Understanding changes in third place availability is crucial for community well-being.
Purpose Of The Study
- To investigate changes in the availability of 12 types of third places across the U.S. from 2010 to 2021.
- To assess disparities in third place availability based on socio-demographic factors and geographic location.
- To identify trends and inform policies for equitable community resource distribution.
Main Methods
- Utilized Census tract-level data from the National Establishment Time-Series Database (2010-2021).
- Analyzed changes across 12 categories of third places (e.g., libraries, restaurants, coffee shops).
- Employed generalized additive mixed models to assess variations by race/ethnicity, education, and rural-urban status.
Main Results
- All analyzed third place categories experienced widespread closures between 2019 and 2021.
- Declines in third place availability were most severe in Census tracts with high social vulnerability and in rural areas.
- Significant geographic variations and ongoing changes in third place distribution were observed.
Conclusions
- Widespread closures of third places disproportionately affect socially vulnerable and rural populations.
- Addressing disparities in third place access is vital for socioeconomic opportunity and health equity.
- Targeted policies are needed to ensure equitable access to community resources and support underserved areas.
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