Ultrastructure of lipopolysaccharide isolated from Treponema pallidum

A lipopolysaccharide (LPS) fraction was extracted from Nichols, nonpathogenic Treponema pallidum by the hot, phenol-water procedure. The LPS was freed of nucleic acids and water-soluble proteins by successive exposures to ribonuclease, deoxyribonuclease, and Pronase. Purified LPS responded positively in a colorimetric assay for lipopolysaccharide. Electron microscope examination of the LPS both before and after purification demonstrated a heterogeneous mixture of forms including spheres, doughnuts, and ribbons. The trilaminar nature of the ribbon forms was observed by both negative staining and thin sectioning. Lyophilization of the LPS caused an increase in the number and length of ribbon forms seen. Results suggest that the surface layers of treponemes are similar to those of gram-negative bacteria.