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Related Concept Videos

The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint02:19

The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint

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The spindle assembly checkpoint is a molecular surveillance mechanism ensuring the fidelity of chromosome segregation during anaphase. The checkpoint monitors the completion of all the prerequisite steps before chromosome segregation to determine whether the segregation process should proceed or be delayed.
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The mitotic spindle—or spindle apparatus—is a eukaryotic, cytoskeletal structure made up of long protein fibers called microtubules. Formed during cell division, the spindle separates sister chromatids and moves them to opposite ends of a parental cell, where the now individual chromosomes are distributed to two daughter cell nuclei.
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In 1882, Flemming observed lampbrush chromosomes (LBC) in salamander eggs. Later in 1892, Rückert observed LBCs in shark egg cells and coined the term "lampbrush chromosomes" because they looked like brushes used to clean kerosene lamps.
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Spindle assembly occurs through three, often coexisting, pathways – the centrosome-mediated pathway, the chromatin-mediated pathway, and the microtubule-mediated pathway – collectively contributing to form a robust spindle apparatus.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 11, 2026

Author Spotlight: Anterior HR-OCT as a Non-Invasive Tool for Characterizing Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia
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Spindle Cell Lesions.

Yaileen D Guzmán-Arocho1, Laura C Collins2

  • 1Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, USA.

Surgical Pathology Clinics
|November 12, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Spindle cell lesions in the breast are diverse, ranging from benign to malignant. Accurate diagnosis from biopsy is crucial for appropriate patient management and prognosis, despite diagnostic challenges.

Keywords:
AngiosarcomaBreast tumorsMetaplastic carcinomaPhyllodes tumorSpindle cell lesions

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Area of Science:

  • Pathology
  • Oncology
  • Breast Imaging

Background:

  • Spindle cell lesions in the breast present a diagnostic challenge due to their heterogeneity.
  • Accurate differentiation is essential as management and prognosis vary significantly.
  • Limited biopsy samples can further complicate diagnosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review key spindle cell lesions of the breast.
  • To provide insights into microscopic, immunohistochemical, and molecular findings.
  • To highlight potential diagnostic pitfalls.

Main Methods:

  • Review of relevant literature on breast spindle cell lesions.
  • Analysis of histopathological features.
  • Discussion of immunohistochemistry and molecular markers.
  • Identification of common diagnostic challenges.

Main Results:

  • Spindle cell lesions include reactive processes, benign neoplasms, and malignant neoplasms.
  • Distinctive microscopic, immunohistochemical, and molecular profiles aid in differentiation.
  • Specific pitfalls in diagnosis are identified.

Conclusions:

  • Comprehensive evaluation integrating morphology, immunohistochemistry, and molecular data is vital.
  • Awareness of diagnostic pitfalls improves accuracy in managing breast spindle cell lesions.