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Chondrosarcoma of the mandibular condyle.

Sreelatha S V1, Padmaraj Hegde2, Yashi Aggarwal3

  • 1Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology and Oral Microbiology, Nitte (Deemed to be University), AB Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences (ABSMIDS), Mangaluru, Karnataka, India sreelathakarnaker@hotmail.com.

BMJ Case Reports
|November 12, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This case report describes a rare instance of chondrosarcoma in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) of an adult male. Early misdiagnosis as temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD) delayed definitive treatment for this cartilaginous tumor.

Keywords:
Head and neck cancerMouth

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Area of Science:

  • Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
  • Oncology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Chondrosarcoma is a rare malignant tumor arising from cartilage.
  • Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) chondrosarcoma is exceptionally rare, often presenting with non-specific symptoms.
  • Delayed diagnosis can occur due to initial misinterpretation as common temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report an unusual case of chondrosarcoma in the temporomandibular joint.
  • To highlight diagnostic challenges and imaging findings associated with TMJ chondrosarcoma.
  • To emphasize the importance of considering rare diagnoses in persistent or progressing symptoms.

Main Methods:

  • Case presentation of a male patient in his late 50s with progressive TMJ symptoms.
  • Diagnostic workup including cone beam CT (CBCT) scan and histopathological examination.
  • Surgical resection with wide margins and follow-up monitoring.

Main Results:

  • Initial diagnosis of temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD) was revised to grade I chondrosarcoma.
  • Cone beam CT revealed an expansile lytic lesion with characteristic calcification in the condylar region.
  • Microscopic examination confirmed atypical chondrocytes, indicative of a cartilaginous tumor.

Conclusions:

  • Chondrosarcoma of the TMJ is a rare entity that can mimic benign conditions like TMD.
  • Advanced imaging like CBCT is crucial for identifying subtle but significant bone lesions.
  • Prompt surgical intervention with clear margins is essential for managing TMJ chondrosarcoma and preventing recurrence.