Genome-wide association study and KASP marker development for flour color in winter wheat.

Area of Science:

• Plant Genetics
• Agricultural Science
• Food Quality

Background:

• Flour color is a critical determinant of wheat end-product quality.
• Understanding the genetic underpinnings of flour color is essential for breeding programs.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the genetic basis of flour color traits in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).
• To identify significant genetic markers and candidate genes associated with flour color variation.

Main Methods:

• Genome-wide association study (GWAS) using a 40K breeding chip and MLM model.
• Measurement of flour color parameters: brightness (FL*), red-green level (Fa*), yellow-blue level (Fb*), and whiteness (W).
• Development of KASP markers for targeted genotype-phenotype analysis.

Main Results:

• GWAS identified 20 significant and stable SNP markers across 16 loci associated with flour color traits.
• Strong correlations were observed among different flour color parameters.
• Seven candidate genes potentially influencing flour color during grain development were identified, with some located on chromosomes 5D, 1B, 4A, and 6B.

Conclusions:

• The identified SNP markers and candidate genes provide valuable genetic resources for wheat breeding.
• This study offers insights for enhancing wheat flour color quality through targeted genetic improvement.