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Frailty detection tools in geriatric rehabilitation: a systematic review
Diana Maia Alcaide1, Francesco Cilla2, Emilie Kort1
1Service of Geriatric Medicine and Geriatric Rehabilitation, Hôpital Fribourgeois (HFR), Rue de L' Hôpital 9, 1632, Riaz, Switzerland.
European Geriatric Medicine
|November 12, 2025
Summary
Frailty assessment tools like the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) and Frailty Index (FI) are crucial for predicting outcomes in geriatric rehabilitation. Early detection of frailty aids in personalizing patient care strategies.
Area of Science:
- Geriatric Medicine
- Rehabilitation Science
- Clinical Epidemiology
Background:
- Frailty is prevalent in older adults undergoing geriatric rehabilitation, impacting recovery and length of stay.
- Accurate frailty assessment is vital for informed clinical decision-making in rehabilitation settings.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify frailty assessment tools used in geriatric rehabilitation.
- To analyze the link between frailty and rehabilitation outcomes.
- To evaluate the predictive ability of these tools for short- and long-term clinical outcomes.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review of Medline/PubMed and CINAHL databases.
- Inclusion of studies focusing on geriatric rehabilitation and frailty-sensitive outcomes.
Main Results:
- Twenty-five studies were analyzed, examining various frailty instruments.
- Frailty consistently predicted mortality, institutionalization, functional recovery, and patient-reported outcomes.
- Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) and Frailty Index (FI) showed consistent associations (AUC 0.60-0.73); performance-based tools like gait speed were predictive of functional outcomes.
Conclusions:
- CFS and FI are the most validated and feasible frailty assessment tools in geriatric rehabilitation.
- Limited head-to-head comparisons exist between different frailty assessment tools.
- Identifying frailty upon admission helps anticipate rehabilitation trajectories and tailor individualized care.

