Advances of Long Non-Coding RNA in Perennial Plants: Development and Stress Responses

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), which have RNA transcripts over 200 nucleotides long and do not usually code for proteins, play an important role in plant growth and development, by interacting with multiple signaling pathways and participating in the regulation of fundamental biological processes. This review systematically summarizes the classification and regulatory mechanisms of plant lncRNAs, with a focus on recent advances in research on their regulatory roles in woody plant growth, development, and responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. Additionally, we discuss the current challenges in lncRNA research on plant ontogeny and stress responses, aiming to provide a theoretical foundation for future studies on lncRNAs in perennial plants.