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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...

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Related Experiment Video

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Computer-Aided Three-Dimensional Visualization in the Treatment of Locally Advanced Thyroid Cancer
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Using Elastographic Stiffness to Improve Risk Stratification in Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma.

Monica Latia1,2, Andreea Bena2,3,4,5, Octavian Constantin Neagoe2,6,7

  • 1Department of Doctoral Studies, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania.

Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)
|November 13, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Elastography, a non-invasive imaging technique, reveals increased stiffness in medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) nodules, improving diagnostic accuracy beyond traditional ultrasound risk stratification. This method shows promise for better fine-needle aspiration guidance in MTC diagnosis.

Keywords:
calcitoninelastographylymph node metastasismedullary carcinomathyroid neoplasms

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Oncology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) diagnosis is challenging due to overlapping sonographic features with benign nodules.
  • Conventional ultrasound (US) and TIRADS classification have limited sensitivity for MTC risk stratification.
  • Elastography techniques (strain elastography [SE] and shear-wave elastography [SWE]) show potential for thyroid nodule assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if elastographic stiffness measurements can improve diagnostic precision for MTC.
  • To compare elastography findings with conventional US, TIRADS, and clinical parameters in MTC.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 20 MTC nodules evaluated with conventional US, SE, and SWE.
  • Comparison of elasticity scores (ES) and stiffness values (Emean/Emax) with US features, TIRADS, calcitonin levels, nodule size, and lymph node status.
  • Analysis of qualitative SE scores and quantitative SWE Emean values against established cutoffs.

Main Results:

  • Most MTC nodules exhibited increased stiffness: mean SE score of 3.2 and 87.5% exceeding SWE Emean cutoff of 30.5 kPa.
  • Elastography outperformed TIRADS, identifying more high-risk nodules (87.5% vs. 60%).
  • Moderate correlations found between calcitonin and nodule size, and between SE score and nodule size; no correlation between calcitonin and SE score.

Conclusions:

  • Elastography demonstrates increased stiffness in MTC, contradicting the 'soft' nodule classification and enhancing risk stratification beyond TIRADS.
  • Integrating elastography with TIRADS may improve fine-needle aspiration guidance for MTC.
  • Further multicenter prospective studies are required to validate elastography thresholds for MTC.