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Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

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The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
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The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
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The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael...
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Cycloheptatriene is a neutral monocyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon that consists of an odd number of carbon atoms and an intervening sp3 carbon in the ring. The three double bonds in the ring correspond to 6 π electrons, which is a Huckel number, and therefore satisfies the criteria of 4n + 2 π electrons. However, the intervening sp3 carbon disrupts the continuous overlap of p orbitals. As a result, cycloheptatriene is not aromatic.
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Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
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Ion Exchange01:17

Ion Exchange

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Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or...
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Robust Anionic Framework Based on Sodium-Cerium Terephthalate.

Nikita Nikandrov1, Sofya Spasskaya2, Marina Tedeeva2

  • 1Faculty of Materials Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
|November 13, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A novel cerium-based metal-organic framework, Na[Ce(BDC)2(DMF)2], was synthesized and demonstrated stability up to 300°C. Its copper-modified form effectively catalyzes carbon monoxide oxidation.

Keywords:
X-ray structurecarbon monoxide oxidationceriummetal–organic frameworkpair distribution functionthermal behavior

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) offer tunable structures for various applications.
  • Cerium-based MOFs are explored for their catalytic and redox properties.
  • Terephthalate-based MOFs provide robust frameworks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Synthesize and characterize a novel anionic cerium-sodium terephthalate MOF.
  • Investigate the thermal stability and structural integrity of the MOF.
  • Develop a MOF-derived catalyst for carbon monoxide oxidation.

Main Methods:

  • Rietveld refinement for crystal structure analysis.
  • Variable-temperature Powder X-ray Diffraction (PXRD).
  • Total X-ray scattering with Pair Distribution Function (PDF) analysis.
  • Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations.
  • Wetness impregnation for copper modification.
  • Catalytic testing for CO oxidation.

Main Results:

  • Successful synthesis of the anionic MOF Na[Ce(BDC)2(DMF)2] with layered [Ce(BDC)2]- structure.
  • Framework stability confirmed up to 300°C upon DMF elimination and thermal treatment.
  • Copper modification yielded a CuO/CeO2 composite catalyst.
  • The CuO/CeO2 composite demonstrated catalytic activity in CO oxidation.

Conclusions:

  • The synthesized cerium-based MOF exhibits excellent thermal stability.
  • Copper-modified MOF effectively decomposes into an active CuO/CeO2 catalyst.
  • The resulting composite is a promising catalyst for carbon monoxide oxidation.