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The Effect of Aging on Tissues

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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...

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Updated: Jan 11, 2026

Ultrasound Based Assessment of Coronary Artery Flow and Coronary Flow Reserve Using the Pressure Overload Model in Mice

Ultrasound Based Assessment of Coronary Artery Flow and Coronary Flow Reserve Using the Pressure Overload Model in Mice

Published on: April 13, 2015

Augmented Flow-Induced Outward Remodelling Occurs with Ageing in Mice.

Bethan Brown¹, Helen Williams¹, Samson Egbulonu¹

¹Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Level 7 Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences

|November 13, 2025

Summary

Aging enhances arterial positive remodeling, increasing lumen size and reducing medial resilience in carotid arteries. This age-related remodeling may promote cardiovascular diseases like atherosclerosis and aneurysm.

Keywords:

ageing artery cardiovascular disease flow remodelling

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Area of Science:

Vascular biology and aging research
Cardiovascular pathology and disease mechanisms
Arterial remodeling processes

Background:

Arterial outward remodeling is implicated in cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and aneurysm.
Aging is a significant risk factor for atherosclerosis and aneurysmal disease.
Understanding age-related arterial remodeling is crucial for developing effective therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the impact of aging on carotid artery remodeling in response to increased blood flow.
To compare the extent and characteristics of arterial remodeling between young and old mice.

Main Methods:

Comparison of right carotid artery remodeling in young (2 months) and old (18-20 months) mice after left carotid artery ligation.
Analysis of media area, thickness, collagen content, and α-SM-actin content per cell.
Assessment of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) protein levels.

Main Results:

Older mice exhibited greater baseline media area, thickness, and collagen content in carotid arteries compared to younger mice.
Augmented positive arterial remodeling was observed in old mice, characterized by a larger increase in lumen size and reduction in media area and thickness.
While young mice showed increased MMP-2 during remodeling, old mice did not, suggesting altered matrix degradation pathways.

Conclusions:

The extent of positive carotid artery remodeling is significantly greater in aged mice compared to young mice.
Aging leads to a less resilient medial layer with reduced α-SM-actin content per cell, elastin, and collagen, potentially predisposing to atherosclerosis and aneurysm.
Age-related changes in arterial remodeling pathways, including MMP-2 activity, may contribute to the increased risk of cardiovascular pathologies in older individuals.