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Updated: Jan 11, 2026

Intravital Imaging of Neutrophil Priming Using IL-1β Promoter-driven DsRed Reporter Mice

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Published on: June 22, 2016

The P2X7 Receptor Regulates IL-1β Secretion in the Human Retina.

Nuwan Niyadurupola¹, Peter Sidaway², David C Broadway^1,2

¹Department of Ophthalmology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Colney Lane, Norwich NR4 7UY, UK.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences

|November 13, 2025

Summary

The P2X7 receptor, implicated in glaucoma, does not cause retinal ganglion cell death via IL-1β. Instead, IL-1β may protect against P2X7-induced damage in the human retina.

Keywords:

P2X7 glaucoma human organotypic retinal cultures interleukin1-beta neuroinflammation retina

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Published on: June 22, 2016

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Characterization of a Novel Human Organotypic Retinal Culture Technique

Characterization of a Novel Human Organotypic Retinal Culture Technique

Published on: June 9, 2021

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Ophthalmology
Immunology

Background:

The P2X7 receptor (P2X7) is linked to retinal ganglion cell (RGC) neurodegeneration, a key factor in glaucoma vision loss.
P2X7 activation can directly cause RGC death in the human retina.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate indirect mechanisms of RGC death mediated by P2X7 activation in human organotypic retinal cultures (HORCs).
To explore the role of Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) in P2X7-induced RGC damage.

Main Methods:

Stimulation of P2X7 using BzATP in HORCs.
Assay of 27 cytokine/growth factors, focusing on IL-1β and IL-10.
Investigated the effect of exogenous IL-1β and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) on RGCs.

Main Results:

BzATP significantly increased IL-1β and IL-10 secretion.
IL-1β upregulation was time-dependent and inhibited by BBG.
Exogenous IL-1β protected RGCs from BzATP-induced loss, an effect blocked by IL-1ra.

Conclusions:

P2X7-mediated RGC death is not directly caused by IL-1β.
IL-1β may act as a neuroprotective factor against P2X7-mediated retinal damage.
This study reveals P2X7-mediated regulation of IL-1β in the human retina, highlighting the ATP/P2X7/IL-1β axis in RGC survival and glaucoma.