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Chemical Modification of Chitosan with Bioactive Molecules: A Sustainable Approach for Advanced Film Development.

Carolina Muñoz-Núñez^1,2, Nuria Gómez-Fernández¹, Alexandra Muñoz-Bonilla^1,3

¹Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences

|November 13, 2025

Summary

A new chitosan derivative with eugenol (EU) shows superior antioxidant activity compared to thiazolium-chitosan (CS-MTBAQ). This advanced material enhances active packaging films, extending strawberry shelf-life with improved mechanical and barrier properties.

Keywords:

antioxidant chitosan eugenol films modification

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Food Science
Polymer Chemistry

Background:

Chitosan (CS) is a versatile biopolymer with potential in active packaging.
Incorporating natural antioxidants like eugenol (EU) can enhance chitosan's functionality.
Previous research utilized thiazolium-chitosan (CS-MTBAQ) for antimicrobial properties.

Purpose of the Study:

To synthesize and characterize a novel chitosan-eugenol derivative (CS-SH-EU).
To compare the antioxidant efficacy of CS-SH-EU with CS-MTBAQ.
To evaluate the performance of CS-based films incorporating these derivatives and chitin nanowhiskers for active packaging applications.

Main Methods:

Thiol-ene reaction for covalent bonding of eugenol to thiol-modified chitosan.
Characterization of the synthesized CS-SH-EU derivative.
Incorporation of CS-SH-EU and CS-MTBAQ into chitosan films with chitin nanowhiskers.
Evaluation of antioxidant, mechanical, structural, yellowness index, and water vapor transmission properties.
Application of the coating on strawberries to assess shelf-life extension.

Main Results:

CS-SH-EU films demonstrated 25% higher antioxidant efficiency than CS-MTBAQ films.
Incorporation of derivatives and chitin nanowhiskers improved mechanical strength and water barrier properties.
Films maintained visual appearance with enhanced antioxidant activity.
The coating effectively extended the shelf-life of strawberries.

Conclusions:

The novel chitosan-eugenol derivative offers enhanced antioxidant properties for active packaging.
The developed active packaging films present a promising alternative due to combined antioxidant, mechanical, and biodegradable benefits.
This research contributes to sustainable food preservation strategies using advanced biomaterials.