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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

Retrospective MicroRNA Sequencing: Complementary DNA Library Preparation Protocol Using Formalin-fixed Paraffin-embedded RNA Specimens
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Small RNA-Seq Reveals the Effect of Formaldehyde Treatment on Chicken Embryo Liver microRNA Profiles.

Saffet Teber1, Mustafa Özdemir1,2, Ghulam Asghar Sajid1,3

  • 1Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Erciyes University, 38280 Kayseri, Türkiye.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|November 13, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Formaldehyde (FA) disinfection impacts chicken embryonic liver development by altering microRNA (miRNA) profiles. This study identified 30 differentially expressed miRNAs, revealing potential mechanisms for FA

Keywords:
Gallus galluschicken embryoexpression profileformaldehydemiRNA

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Area of Science:

  • Animal Science
  • Molecular Biology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Formaldehyde (FA) is crucial for hatchery disinfection, promoting successful egg hatching and healthy production.
  • However, FA's precise effects on embryonic development, particularly gene regulation via microRNAs (miRNAs), are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of formaldehyde treatment on miRNA expression profiles in chicken embryonic liver.
  • To identify differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) and predict their target genes and affected pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Chicken embryo liver samples were subjected to formaldehyde treatment.
  • Small RNA sequencing (Small RNA-seq) was performed using the Illumina NextSeq platform.
  • Differential expression analysis (DESeq2) and bioinformatic predictions (miRDB, GO, KEGG, Reactome) were utilized.

Main Results:

  • 30 differentially expressed miRNAs (11 up-regulated, 19 down-regulated) were identified out of 662 detected mature miRNAs.
  • gga-miR-3533 showed the highest upregulation, while gga-miR-133b exhibited the most significant downregulation.
  • Pathway analysis indicated that DEMs are involved in signaling, protein modification, immune response, and oxidative stress pathways.

Conclusions:

  • Formaldehyde treatment alters miRNA-mediated gene regulation in developing chicken embryonic liver.
  • These findings suggest that miRNAs play a role in mediating FA's effects on critical biological processes.
  • Further functional validation of miRNA-target interactions is needed to elucidate FA's mechanisms and potentially develop optimized treatments.