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Methods for Studying Uterine Contributions to Pregnancy Establishment in an Ovariectomized Mouse Model

Methods for Studying Uterine Contributions to Pregnancy Establishment in an Ovariectomized Mouse Model

Published on: April 7, 2023

Endometrial Microbiome and Reproductive Receptivity: Diverse Perspectives.

Galina Stoyancheva¹, Nikolina Mihaylova², Maria Gerginova¹

¹Department of Microbial Genetics, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences

|November 13, 2025

Summary

The endometrial microbiome, once thought sterile, is vital for reproductive health. Its composition impacts implantation success, with beneficial bacteria promoting homeostasis and dysbiosis linked to infertility.

Keywords:

3D human endometrial culture models Lactobacillus antioxidant activity of lactobacilli endometrial microbiome immunological mechanisms oxidative stress

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Area of Science:

Reproductive Medicine and Microbiology
Human Microbiome Research
Genomic and Multi-omics Studies

Background:

The human endometrium is a dynamic microbial niche crucial for reproductive health.
Advances in sequencing technologies reveal the complexity of the endometrial microbiome.
The microbiome's role extends beyond composition to host interactions influencing implantation.

Purpose of the Study:

To review current knowledge on the uterine microbiome's impact on implantation success.
To analyze the interplay between the endometrium microbiome, immunology, and oxidative stress.
To highlight the potential of microbiome profiling for reproductive biomarkers and interventions.

Main Methods:

Review of studies utilizing 16S rRNA sequencing and shotgun metagenomics.
Analysis of research incorporating culturomics and 3D endometrial models.
Integration of findings from microbiology, immunology, and host-interaction studies.

Main Results:

Lactobacillus dominance is associated with endometrial homeostasis and positive reproductive outcomes.
Microbial dysbiosis, marked by increased diversity and specific anaerobic taxa, correlates with implantation failure and chronic endometritis.
Endometrial microbiome interacts with the host via immunological, metabolic, and epigenetic pathways, affecting embryo implantation.

Conclusions:

The endometrial microbiome is a key factor in reproductive success.
Standardization of research protocols is essential to address discrepancies in current findings.
Endometrial microbiome profiling offers potential as a biomarker and therapeutic target for infertility.